The Karbon Process for CO₂ capture 

Karbon CO₂ capture operates independently of the host plant, diverting the exhaust gas before it enters the stack. Host exhaust gas is compressed cost-effectively in gas turbines. Karbon Utility, the utility-scale process, uses Ansaldo Energia turbines: a modified AE94.2 as compressor and expander, and a standard AE64.3 as combustion turbine generator. The extracted CO₂ is over 99% pure, and suitable for sequestration, industrial use and oil recovery.

The turbines, and the generator they drive, supply all the heat and power the capture process requires, and in most cases the power to compress the captured CO₂ for pipeline transport. The process draws no steam and no electricity from the host plant, and does not derate it.

The Karbon Process suits most point sources of exhaust gas, from 25 to 535 kg/s containing 4 to 25% CO₂. McKinsey estimates that more than 25,000 industrial plants worldwide could be decarbonised with carbon capture.

Karbon Process Train
Measures 85×152m = 280×500 ft
Treats up to 535 kg/s of exhaust gas
Captures up to 5 million tpy of CO₂

Karbon Utility captures  CO₂ at utility scale

Karbon Utility is deployed in independent modular trains, each with its gas turbines, HPC unit, heat exchangers and power generator. One Karbon Utility train treats 535 kg/s of exhaust gas — the output of a 400 to 500 MW power plant, or of a steel or cement works producing 2 to 6 million tonnes a year. A train occupies approximately 85 × 150 metres, and captures 1.8 to 5 million tonnes of CO₂ a year, depending on the concentration in the exhaust.

Trains operate side by side for greater capacity: four trains capture about 12 million tonnes a year from an 1,800 MW coal-fired power station.

Karbon captures 95% of the CO₂ in the exhaust it treats from coal-fired power, cement and steel, and 92% from gas-fired power with exhaust gas recirculation. As the process imports no energy, it emits is no secondary CO₂ from purchased power or steam.

Gas-fired generation with Karbon and exhaust gas recirculation operates at about 39 gCO₂/kWh, within the 100 gCO₂/kWh threshold for sustainable electricity in the EU Taxonomy. Coal-fired generation operates at about 160 gCO₂/kWh, a reduction of 81%, with a route to about 49 gCO₂/kWh as exhaust gas recirculation is extended to coal.

Karbon Compact and Karbon Marine capture CO₂ at smaller scale

Karbon Compact captures CO₂ from smaller industrial plants — cement, steel, chemicals and refining — and from large engines. It uses a separate compressor and expander in place of the large gas turbine, treats 25 to 350 kg/s of exhaust gas, and captures up to about 1 million tonnes of CO₂ a year.

Karbon Marine captures CO₂ from ship engines, on existing vessels or newbuilds, at up to about 200,000 tonnes a year per ship. The CO₂ is captured and liquefied at sea, and offloaded in port for storage or use. On LNG-fuelled engines it also eliminates methane slip.

Karbon Marine
Capturing up to 20,000 tpy of CO₂ for offloading in port

Tanks and Carriers for CO₂ Transport and Storage

Karbon MultiLobe tanks can switch between cargoes of liquid CO₂, LNG, LPG, ethane and ammonia, which require markedly different carriage conditions.

Karbon Carriers built around these tanks include the 258,000 m³ Very Large Karbon Carrier for LCO₂, LNG and ethane, and Aframax and Suezmax combination carriers, which deliver oil or liquefied gas and return with liquid CO₂.

Very Large Karbon Carrier
258,000 m³ of LCO₂, LNG, or ethane

Suezmax/Aframax Combi Carriers
LCO₂, Crude oil and oil products

Patents

Karbon technology is protected by seven interrelated patent families.

Five families cover the pressurisation and energy cycle that make HPC efficient on flue gas, at any scale and any CO₂ concentration, across Europe, the United States, China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia and South Africa.

Two families cover the multi-cargo tanks, granted in the United States and Norway, with PCT applications pending.

Patented power cycle with integrated gas turbine technology

The patented Karbon Process compresses exhaust, absorbs CO₂ into HPC at pressure, and expands the treated exhaust to recover most compression work. The capture plant energy-efficiently and cost-effectively generates all required electricity, heat and steam, imposing no parasitic load on the host.

The Karbon Process flue-gas pressurisation techniques make HPC efficient as a CO₂ absorbent, and lock in its advantages over CO₂ capture with amine solvents.

Karbon’s competitive moat is an overlapping suite of interrelated patent families covering the integration of gas turbine compression and expansion with HPC absorption and desorption, at any scale and CO₂ concentration, delivering cost and energy input better than competing absorbents and processes.

Karbon patents protect the pressurisation and energy cycle that makes HPC competitive, not the absorbent itself.

FEL-1 and FEL-2 studies by Kiewit found the patented Karbon Process technically feasible at utility scale, with no fatal flaws, on both lean exhaust (gas power) and rich exhaust (coal power, cement and steel)

Kiewit concluded that the Karbon Process is novel and patented, but it is assembled entirely from equipment types in established commercial service and from established suppliers. All specialized components are sufficiently standard that vendors made sizing and budgetary offers, including the modified AE94.2 gas turbines, the HPC absorber and desorber, and the gas-to-gas main heat exchangers. Customary performance guarantees will be pursued with all major suppliers in future phases.

Working with Karbon

Karbon works with developers, utilities and principal investors, and licences its IP to industry partners for particular countries or projects. Karbon is now selecting host plants with which to complete a full FEL-3 EPC FEED study for the first Karbon plant.

info@karbon-global.com